IODP has three Implementing Organizations (IOs). Typically, the IOs manage all ships and platform operations from port to sea and back again. Staff scientists from each IO accompany each IODP science party, providing consistency from one expedition to the next. ECORD Science Operator (ESO), conducts mission-specific operations. Center for Deep Earth Exploration (CDEX), conducts riser platform operations. U.S. Implementing Organization (USIO), conducts riserless drilling operations.
